Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood glucose (sugar). There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes. Here's an overview of each type and their treatments:
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.
Treatment:
- Insulin Therapy: Daily insulin injections or use of an insulin pump.
- Monitoring Blood Sugar: Regularly checking blood glucose levels.
- Healthy Diet: Eating balanced meals and snacks to help manage blood sugar levels.
- Regular Exercise: Helps improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. It is more common in adults but increasingly occurs in children, adolescents, and young adults.
Treatment:
- Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight.
- Oral Medications: Metformin is often the first medication prescribed; other drugs can include sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors.
- Insulin Therapy: May be necessary if blood sugar levels are not controlled with other medications.
- Monitoring Blood Sugar: Regular checks to manage and adjust treatments.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually disappears after childbirth. It increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Treatment:
- Healthy Diet: Balanced meals that keep blood sugar levels in the target range.
- Regular Physical Activity: Helps control blood glucose levels.
- Monitoring Blood Sugar: Frequent checks, especially after meals.
- Insulin Therapy: May be required if blood glucose levels are not controlled through diet and exercise.
