PCOD/PCOS

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. Here are some key points about PCOD/PCOS:

Symptoms

• Irregular periods: Infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual cycles.
• Excess androgen: Elevated levels of male hormones, which may result in physical signs such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), severe acne, and male-pattern baldness.
• Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries that contain numerous small cysts.
• Weight gain: Difficulty in losing weight or obesity.
• Skin issues: Darkening of the skin, particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts.

Causes

• Insulin resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, causing the body to produce more insulin. Increased insulin can boost androgen production, leading to difficulties with ovulation.
• Hormonal imbalances: Abnormalities in the levels of several hormones, including elevated levels of androgens and luteinizing hormone (LH), and low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
• Genetics: PCOD sometimes runs in families, suggesting a genetic component.