Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, known as endometrium, grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potential fertility issues. Treatment options aim to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Medications are often the first line of treatment. Pain relief is commonly managed with NSAIDs like ibuprofen. Hormonal therapies are used to reduce or eliminate menstruation, which slows endometrial tissue growth and reduces symptoms. These include birth control pills, progestins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and antagonists. Aromatase inhibitors may also be prescribed to lower estrogen levels, which fuels endometrial tissue growth.

Minimally invasive procedures are considered when medication is insufficient. Laparoscopy, a key diagnostic tool, can also be used to remove or destroy endometrial tissue through small abdominal incisions using a laparoscope. Laparoscopic excision surgery offers more precise removal of endometriosis lesions.

For severe cases or when fertility is a concern, surgical options like laparotomy or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) with or without removal of the ovaries may be considered, although these are typically last-resort measures.